Building Information Modelling (BIM)
What is BIM?
BIM or Building Information Modelling or Building Information Management, is a highly collaborative process allowing architects, engineers, real estate developers, contractors, manufacturers, and other construction professionals to plan, design, and construct a structure or building within one 3D model that is crucial and even mandated process in some areas.
BIM can span into the operation and management of buildings using data that building or structure owners have access to. This data can be used by governments, municipalities, and property managers to make informed decisions based on information derived from the model.
Traditionally, blueprints and drawings were used to express information about building plans, this 2D approach was difficult to visualise dimensions and requirements. CAD came after, significantly helping drafters see plans in a digital environment. CAD then turned to 3D, making blueprints easier to visualise. BIM has become the standard but is more than just a 3D model.
BIM Objects
BIM Objects are components that make up a BIM model. These components are intelligent, have geometry and store data. If any element is changed, BIM software updates the model to reflect that change. This allows the model to remain consistent and coordinated throughout the entire process for a more collaborative environment.
“Information”
BIM refers to all parties and stages involved in the construction and lifecycle management of built assets, working collaboratively, and sharing data. However, the “Information” or “I” in BIM where all the information is gathered is actionable, not just stored somewhere. The data is used to provide accuracy, design intent, knowledge transfer from stakeholder to stakeholder, reduce change orders and field coordination problems, and insight into existing buildings for renovation projects.
Information can be shared through an online space known as the “common data environment” (CDE), and the data collected is referred to “Information Model”.
BIM LEVELS
BIM can have numerous levels for different types of projects. Each level represents a different set of criteria for a different level of “maturity” in the model, levels begin at 0 to 6D. Each level has different purposes, they gauge how much information is being shared and manage throughout the process and how effectively and efficiently these processes are.
Level 0 BIM
Level 0 BIM refers to paper-based drawings, 2D drawings on CAD and, digital prints. Most parts of the industry work above this level. Not every professional in their industries have sufficient BIM training or expertise, and some projects do not include the use of BIM in their contract specifications.
Level 1 BIM
Level 1 BIM refers to 2D drafting production information and other documentation, and 3D CAD for concept work. CAD standards of electronic sharing of data from a common data environment (CDE) which is usually managed by the contractor.
Level 2 BIM
Level 2 BIM adds a more collaborative environment. All team members use 3D CAD models, however how stakeholders exchange information differentiates it from other BIM levels. Information about the design is shared through a common file format.
Level 3 BIM
Level 3 BIM takes collaboration to the next level rather than team members working on their own 3D model, everyone uses a single, shared project model. The model is in a “central” location and can be accessed and modified by everyone, otherwise known as Open BIM. This adds extra layers of protection against clashes, and reworks, and adds value to the project at every stage.
The benefits of Level 3 BIM are:
- Better visualisation of the entire project
- Easier collaboration between teams and trades
- Simplified communication and understanding of design intention
- Reduced rework and revisions at every stage of the project
- Saves time
Level 4 BIM
Level 4 BIM brings in an extra level or element into the information model, which is time. The information includes scheduling data, and helping to outline the time necessary for each phase of the project.
Level 5 BIM
Level 5 BIM adds cost estimations, budget analysis, and budget tracking to the model. Project owners can track and determine the cost for the duration of the project.
Level 6 BIM
Level 6 BIM is used to calculate the energy consumption of a building before it’s built. Allowing designers to take more than the upfront cost into account. This ensures energy consumption predictions and requirements are accurate, empowering stakeholders to build more energy-efficient and sustainable structures.
The benefits of Levels 4, 5 and 6 BIM are:
- Increase efficiency in site planning, scheduling and, steps between construction stages.
- Real-time and accurate cost predictions
- Simplified cost analysis
- Reduced energy consumption
- Better operational management of buildings or structures after handover
Advantages of BIM
BIM allows collaborative work between teams, allows less waste in construction, is more efficient, and less re-working of designs and changes to the models.